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Glossary

Header From

The header From is the address a reader sees in a message — the RFC 5322 field DMARC authenticates and every other identity must align with.

What Header From means

The From field of RFC 5322 is the only sender identity a mail client displays. It is not the address SMTP used to deliver the message — that is the envelope sender — and it is not necessarily the domain that signed it. Specifications call it RFC5322.From where the distinction has to be unambiguous.

DMARC is defined entirely in terms of this field. The policy a receiver consults is the one published by the header From domain, and the message passes only when an SPF or DKIM pass is aligned with that domain. Which makes the From field the thing worth protecting: a forged From domain is exactly what DMARC stops, while display-name spoofing, which puts a familiar name in front of an unrelated address, is beyond its reach entirely.

RFC 5322 permits more than one address in From, and DMARC does not define what a receiver should do with the second one; in practice receivers either reject such messages or evaluate only the first. Sending a single address, in a domain you publish records for, avoids a class of handling nobody has agreed on.

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